If we look at the relationship between Christianity and China historically, it can be seen as a relationship of encounter and dialogue between two strong cultural systems. In the process of missionary work in China, Christianity collided with Chinese society and Chinese people a lot. In particular, for about 20 years of the early 20th century, while Christianity got many achievements as it entered the “golden period” of missionary work in China, it also had a huge conflict with Chinese society leading to the so-called “Anti-Christian Movement” in modern Chinese history. This anti-Christian movement, held by intellectuals and young students, had a huge impact on modern Chinese society as it interacted with the nationalist movement and new culture movement that took place at the time in China. In this paper, we will analyze the background and development of this anti-Christian movement, its impact, and the lessons it has left for today’s Chinese society and church, and will seek ways to create an active relationship between Chinese Christianity and society in the future.